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- $Unique_ID{BRK04196}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Roseola Infantum}
- $Subject{Roseola Infantum Exanthem Subitum Pseudorubella Sixth Disease
- Atypical Measles Syndrome (AMS) Measles (Rubeola) Rubella (German Measles)
- Scarlet Fever }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 595:
- Roseola Infantum
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of this article (Roseola Infantum) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM list to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Exanthem Subitum
- Pseudorubella
- Sixth Disease
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Atypical Measles Syndrome (AMS)
- Measles (Rubeola)
- Rubella (German Measles)
- Scarlet Fever
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
- of this report.
-
- Roseola Infantum is an acute infectious disorder of infants or very young
- children. Characterized by high fever and the appearance of a red skin rash,
- this disorder may resemble Rubella after the fever has disappeared. Seizures
- may also occur.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The incubation period before symptoms of Roseola Infantum appear is
- approximately 5 to 15 days. A high fever begins abruptly and usually lasts
- for 3 or 4 days without an obvious identifiable cause. Convulsions are
- common during this period. Low levels of white blood cells (leukopenia) may
- occur by the 3rd day. The spleen may be slightly enlarged. The fever
- usually breaks on the 4th day, and a characteristic rash of red spots or
- elevated (macular or maculopapular) spots appears. This rash may cover the
- chest and abdomen, although it often appears in a mild form on the face and
- extremities. Temperature returns to normal at this stage, and the child
- usually feels and acts well. In some cases, the rash may be so mild that it
- goes unnoticed.
-
- Causes
-
- Roseola Infantum is caused by a viral infection related to the Herpes group
- of viruses.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Roseola Infantum usually affects children between 1 and 3 years of age. The
- disorder tends to occur most often in the spring and fall seasons. Minor
- epidemics in certain geographic areas have been reported.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Roseola
- Infantum. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Atypical Measles Syndrome (AMS) is most common among adolescents and
- young adults. This disorder was usually associated with prior immunization
- using the outdated killed measles vaccines, which are no longer in use.
- However, inoculation with live measles vaccine has also been known to precede
- development of AMS. Presumably, inactivated measles virus vaccines do not
- prevent mild virus infection and can sensitize patients so that disease
- expression is altered significantly. AMS may begin abruptly, with high
- fever, headache, abdominal pain, and coughing. The rash may appear one to
- two days after onset, often beginning on the extremities. Swelling (edema)
- of the hands and feet may occur. Pneumonia is not uncommon, and nodular
- dense areas in the lungs may persist for three months or longer.
-
- Measles (Rubeola; Morbilli) is a highly contagious viral disease
- occurring primarily in children. The disease is characterized by fever,
- cough, acute nasal membrane discharge (coryza), inflammation of the lining of
- the eyelids (conjunctivitis), and eruption of small, irregular, bright red
- spots with a minute bluish or white speck in the center (Koplik's spots) on
- the inner cheeks or lips and a rash of elevated spots (maculopapular)
- spreading over the skin. Measles has become rare in the United States since
- the introduction of Measles vaccines. (For more information, use "Measles"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Rubella (German Measles) in children is a mild contagious viral disease
- characterized by swelling of lymph glands and a rash beginning on the face
- and neck which quickly spreads to the trunk and the extremities. If a woman
- contracts Rubella during the early months of pregnancy, a spontaneous
- abortion, stillbirth, or birth defects in the infant may result. (For more
- information, choose "Rubella" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Scarlet Fever is an infection caused by bacteria that usually affects the
- mouth/throat area (pharynx), but may also affect the skin or birth canal.
- Patients may experience headache, abdominal pain, nausea, and a skin rash. A
- reddish flush may be apparent on the face, chest and extremities, accompanied
- by tiny red spots in some cases. The disease is much milder now than in the
- past, and complications are rare with proper treatment.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Once a person is infected with Roseola Infantum, there is little to do other
- than let the disorder run its course, and make the patient as comfortable as
- possible. Medication to bring down the fever may be helpful in serious
- cases. However, the use of aspirin to treat viral diseases in children and
- young adults should be avoided because of the risk of Reye Syndrome, a rare
- but life-threatening condition. (For more information, choose "Reye" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Roseola Infantum, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Center for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- References
-
- IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 AS A CAUSAL AGENT FOR EXANTHEM SUBITUM:
- K. Yamanishi, et al.; Lancet (May 14, 1988: issue 1(8594)). Pp. 1065-1067.
-
- ACUTE EXANTHEMS IN CHILDREN. CLUES TO DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL
- DISEASE: C.A. Bligard, et al.; Postgrad Med (April 1986: issue 79(5)). Pp.
- 150-154, 159-167.
-
- VIRAL EXANTHEMS: J.D. Cherry; Curr Probl Pediatr (April 1983: issue
- 13(6)). Pp. 1-44.
-
-